Your spending data may reveal aspects of your personality
| sciencedaily.com 17 Jul 2019 at 09:50 |
How you spend your money can signal aspects of your personality, according to research published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. Analyses of over 2 million spending records from more than 2,000 individuals indicate that when people spend money in certain categories, this can be used to infer certain personality traits, such as how materialistic they are or how much self-control they tend to have.
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"Now that most people spend their money electronically -- with billions of payment cards in circulation worldwide -- we can study these spending patterns at scale like never before," says Joe Gladstone of University College London, who co-led the research. "Our findings demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to predict people s personality from their spending."
We all spend money on essential goods, such as food and housing, to fulfill basic needs -- but we also spend money in ways that reflect aspects of who we are as individuals. Gladstone and colleagues wondered whether the variety in people s spending habits might correlate with other individual differences.
"We expected that these rich patterns of differences in peoples spending could allow us to infer what kind of person they were," says Sandra Matz, who co-led the project.
In collaboration with a UK-based money management app, Gladstone and Columbia Business School researchers Sandra Matz and Alain Lemaire received consent and collected data from more than 2,000 account holders, resulting in a total of 2 million spending records from credit cards and bank transactions.
Account holders also completed a brief personality survey that included questions measuring materialism, self-control, and the "Big Five" personality traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Participants spending data was organized into broad categories -- including supermarkets, furniture stores, insurance policies, online retail stores, and coffee shops -- and the researchers used a machine-learning technique to analyze whether participants relative spending across categories was predictive of specific traits.
Overall, the correlations between the model predictions and participants personality trait scores were modest. However, predictive accuracy varied considerably across different traits, with predictions that were more accurate for the narrow traits (materialism and self-control) than for the broader traits (the Big Five).
Looking at specific correlations between spending categories and traits, the researchers found that people who were more open to experience tended to spend more on flights, those who were more extraverted tended to make more dining and drinking purchases, those who were more agreeable donated more to charity, those who were more conscientious put more money into savings, and those who were more materialistic spent more on jewelry and less on donations.
The researchers also found that those who reported greater self-control spent less on bank charges and those who rated higher on neuroticism spent less on mortgage payments.
"It didn t matter whether a person was old or young, or whether they had a high or low salary, our predictions were broadly consistent," says Matz. "The one exception is that people who lived in highly deprived areas were more difficult to predict. One possible explanation may be that deprived areas offer fewer opportunities to spend money in a way that reflects psychological preferences."
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"Now that most people spend their money electronically -- with billions of payment cards in circulation worldwide -- we can study these spending patterns at scale like never before," says Joe Gladstone of University College London, who co-led the research. "Our findings demonstrate for the first time that it is possible to predict people s personality from their spending."
We all spend money on essential goods, such as food and housing, to fulfill basic needs -- but we also spend money in ways that reflect aspects of who we are as individuals. Gladstone and colleagues wondered whether the variety in people s spending habits might correlate with other individual differences.
"We expected that these rich patterns of differences in peoples spending could allow us to infer what kind of person they were," says Sandra Matz, who co-led the project.
In collaboration with a UK-based money management app, Gladstone and Columbia Business School researchers Sandra Matz and Alain Lemaire received consent and collected data from more than 2,000 account holders, resulting in a total of 2 million spending records from credit cards and bank transactions.
Account holders also completed a brief personality survey that included questions measuring materialism, self-control, and the "Big Five" personality traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Participants spending data was organized into broad categories -- including supermarkets, furniture stores, insurance policies, online retail stores, and coffee shops -- and the researchers used a machine-learning technique to analyze whether participants relative spending across categories was predictive of specific traits.
Overall, the correlations between the model predictions and participants personality trait scores were modest. However, predictive accuracy varied considerably across different traits, with predictions that were more accurate for the narrow traits (materialism and self-control) than for the broader traits (the Big Five).
Looking at specific correlations between spending categories and traits, the researchers found that people who were more open to experience tended to spend more on flights, those who were more extraverted tended to make more dining and drinking purchases, those who were more agreeable donated more to charity, those who were more conscientious put more money into savings, and those who were more materialistic spent more on jewelry and less on donations.
The researchers also found that those who reported greater self-control spent less on bank charges and those who rated higher on neuroticism spent less on mortgage payments.
"It didn t matter whether a person was old or young, or whether they had a high or low salary, our predictions were broadly consistent," says Matz. "The one exception is that people who lived in highly deprived areas were more difficult to predict. One possible explanation may be that deprived areas offer fewer opportunities to spend money in a way that reflects psychological preferences."
